Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Write a book review on any book dealing with Islam as a religion Essay

Write a book review on any book dealing with Islam as a religion - Essay Example But Abu Bakar controlled the Muslims with his wisdom. He ruled for two years and was succeeded by Omar. A man of rules, Omar played an important role in Muslim’s revival and also many areas were conquered in his era. His era shows the great development within Muslim world, not only as they conquered different parts of Middle East and Africa, but also he solved many conflicts within Muslim world. He established few basic practices. He remained as a Caliph for almost a decade and during this time, Islam spread worldwide and he conquered large are of land as well. Hence, his era could be called the unforgettable era of Muslims. He established the first public treasury and also financial administration for the first time. Umar succeded by Usman, the third Muslim Caliph, ruled for almost twelve years. Islam spread worldwide during his era. He arranged the Koran in an order and spread it all over with the same order. The Koran that is read by Muslim today is the same version. He was murdered by few young men, as anarchy among Muslims started at that time. He was succeeded by Ali, Shia Muslims consider him as their spiritual leader. Ali was famous for his bravery, his rule is still remembered as the one which kept Muslims united. But after all these Caliphs, Muslims never get united again. After telling about the four Caliphs, writer stated about Ummayad Caliphs. It was established in 661 and last for a century. Damascus was the capital of Islamic World which got wider till that. It includes a great part of Asia and some part of Europe as well. Ummayad era is remembered as a golden era. Islamic conquests continued during this time, including Asia and Europe, the main parts conquered at that time were Central Asia, Spain, France and Indian subcontinent. Not only they did well in Defense side but also they did great at founding and organizing the basic social and legal institutions of the

Monday, October 28, 2019

Research Method in Biological Level of Analysis Psychology Essay Example for Free

Research Method in Biological Level of Analysis Psychology Essay Examine the use of one research method used in the biological level of analysis, including an evaluation of the ethical considerations related to them. The case studies method consists in taking a patient personal history in order to take a diagnosis. It is usually applied in persons that have abnormal characteristics in behaviour, at biological or at cognitive level; it can also be applied to a group of people that are under the same situation. Case study is a long-term research where the patient or the group of people are studied to get into a conclusion. This type of study investigates and recollects qualitative data, such as feelings and experiences. At the same time it also includes quantitative data of measurements such as blood testing, IQ scores and other survey data. An example of case-study method is the Phineas Gage research. Phineas was the man who had an accident and a metal pole entered through its skull. It entered through his left cheek and exited through its frontal lobe. There were many factors that made of this situation really abnormal. Just after the accident Phineas was awake. He lost the vision in his left eye, but in his right eye the vision was perfect. Besides he didn’t suffer any paralysis and had no difficulty with speech or language. However, the doctor noted that his intellectual abilities and his emotional control had been destroyed. Gage had become impatient, indulgent and though he made plans for hi future he could never follow them. He could be described as a child. According to the long-term case study, his frontal lobe provided evidence that the brain affects personality and social behaviour. This is a really important research because it presents one of the biological level of analysis, the one that refers there are biological correlates of behaviour. Here we can see how damaged physiological factor can affect behaviour. Besides it shows us how case studies are really useful, because not all changes in behaviour happen from one day to another. As this study evidenced the process in which the behaviour starts to see affected is a long-term process. Case studies of the brain-damaged patients have led to important findings about the brain. According to the ethics in this type of research, probably there are more negative facts tan positive facts. Case studies researches are not ethical because the patient is treated, observed and examined like it is a completely different person compared to the others. Besides it can invade your personal spaces and take you away some privacy. The researcher gets to know deeply personal information fro the patient, which is not usually shared with other people. Besides, some of this information may be published or at least written up as a research report, in order to be used in a future as valid information in researches, etc. That’s why the identity of the person should be always protected; the researcher needs to cover all the details that could lead others to work out the individual’s identity. In the case of Phineas Gage most of this ethical considerations weren’t taked into count. They didn’t covered up his identity, beside they go into details of his personal life. In conclusion the case studies are really important because are the ones that lead us to conclusions about real life issues and particular problems. The researches done by this method are really accurate and play a really important role in psychology biological level of analysis.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Erroneus Assumptions in The Trial and Death of Socrates Essay -- Philo

Erroneus Assumptions in The Trial and Death of Socrates In Plato's Crito, Socrates explains to his old friend Crito his reasons for refusing an offer to help him escape execution. One of the tools Socrates uses to convince Crito of the righteousness of his decision is a hypothetical argument concerning the state and laws of Athens. Central to this argument is the congeniality that Socrates had always found in Athens, reflected by the fact that Socrates chose to remain in Athens for most of his life. Such a choice, the laws insist, implies a tacit agreement between Socrates and the state of Athens, stipulating that Socrates either obey the laws or, when he deems the laws unjust, persuade the city to act in a more suitable fashion. It is this "just agreement" that prohibits Socrates from fleeing Athens to avoid execution. Socrates proves to Crito's satisfaction that to break this agreement would be to do wrong to the city of Athens, and as such it cannot be seriously considered. As he discusses his situation with Crito, Socrates refutes some of Crito's basic assumptions. Curiously, however, Socrates does not examine his own assumptions; he never once asks if his agreement with Athens is "just." He correctly assumes that Athens' congeniality to him obligates him to follow the tenets of the agreement, but he does not ask if Athens feels similarly obligated. This question is central, for if Athens fails to uphold its part of the agreement the agreement cannot be just and Socrates is freed from any duty to it. I will argue that Socrates' own reasoning, particularly that used in Crito and Euthyphro, will prove that it is not only not wrong to break the agreement, but also that it is wrong to abide by an unjust agreement, such as... ...nywhere in the text of the Crito or the Euthyphro, unlike most of the other claims, which were derived from actual arguments in one of these Socratic dialogues. Whether or not the agreement is rendered unjust by Athens actions is clearly a debatable point, which affects the rest of the argument. There does not seem to be a way to prove undoubtedly that the agreement itself is made unjust if one of the parties unjustly refuses to acknowledge its obligations. Theoretically, the agreement is still sound, but this argument rests on the idea that, in practice, the agreement can never be more than what the parties make it. Although far from incontrovertible, the claim that the agreement is unjust can at least be reasonably defended against criticism. And if the above argument is correct, Socrates died for the sake of the unjust action of adhering to an impious agreement.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Assessment On Guidance And Counselling Education Essay

This brief essay efforts to discourse the function that school counselors, larning and disablement specializers, school psychologist and sometimes even private pattern clinicians play in the procedure of educational ability appraisal. The paper ‘s statements are entirely based on a reappraisal of the modern-day relevant literature. The essay begins with a brief reappraisal of the kineticss involved in instruction ability appraisal and so examines in inside informations, what function that these professionals play. Measuring Education Ability By education/academic ability, the paper refers to a pupil ‘s possible and accomplishment in formal acquisition ( Oosterhof, 1994 ) . The appraisal is conducted to find the degree of possible and or attainment that a pupil has upon exposure to a peculiar acquisition environment ( Oosterhof, 1994 ) . In measuring a kid, the experts involved attempt to measure the extent of basic academic accomplishments that such a kid can or has accumulated at a given phase. In most instances, what is evaluated scope from cognitive accomplishments, reading and composing abilities, comprehension, callback, arithmetic accomplishments, communicating abilities etc ( Oosterhof, 1994 ) . For the intents of this paper, instruction ability assessment shall entirely mention to the potency of a kid to achieve academic accomplishments and non the already achieved accomplishments. Appraisal is besides conceived as supplying a scope of trials that help measure the potency of such a kid to larn and retain cognition in an academic scene ( Oosterhof, 1994 ) . There are those kids who display model academic accomplishments in such appraisals, normally classified in a group of superior larning ability, while others may hold a lower than mean possible, normally classified in a group of larning disablement ( Oosterhof, 1994 ) . Available literature suggests that in the yesteryear, instruction ability appraisal has meant a measuring of a kid ‘s rational ability. Such appraisals have merely constituted of sets and separate subtests of differing academic accomplishments ( Wiggins, 1993 ) . There are times that such assessment becomes critical ( Elliott, 2000 ) . For case, the school can acknowledge a kid who is executing beyond norm and even better than those far in front his or her degree ( Elliott, 2000 ) . These ‘genius ‘ pupils can sometimes hold the ability of pupils 10 old ages older and therefore necessitate particular attending and publicity to their degree of ability ( Wiggins, 1993 ) . At other times, a pupil can bespeak below-par public presentation and the school be willing to carry on a trial to find whether the kid has a disablement in acquisition ( Wiggins, 1993 ) . Independently, pupils are besides put through such appraisals when fall ining a new school, a new class or measure uping for a peculiar entry that requires a peculiar degree of instruction ability ( Taylor, Personal writer, compiler, or editor name ( s ) ; click on any writer to run a new hunt on that name.1997 ) . In all these cases, the appraisal is conducted by a panel of multi -disciplinary professionals, all of whom have single countries of expertness which combine in supplying the assessment consequences of such a kid ( Wiggins, 1993 ) . Professional Roles in Assessing Education Ability Education ability appraisal has attracted voluminous involvements in the last two decennaries. Presently, most of the available literature has been concentrating on the experts behind the appraisal procedure, inclusive of the diverse professionals responsible of doing the appraisal ( Aas et al. , 2009 ) . The assessors ‘ judgements carry important weight and impact for the assessed persons, the instruction plans and their establishments ( Aas et al. , 2009 ) . It is hence imperative that the function that these professionals/experts play be regulated by standardised processs and protocols if the appraisal is to be used for such cardinal determinations as a kid ‘s hereafter. The fact that academic ability appraisals have become a cardinal constituent of academic plans across the Earth in about every state on Earth makes it really of import that there be a cosmopolitan standards, criterion and codification of pattern employed in such procedures. Pertinent to this position is the method employed, the ends set and the functions that each expert plays in the appraisal ( Aas et al. , 2009 ) . Most schools have employed staff school counselors, larning and disablement specializers, school psychologist and sometimes even private pattern clinicians to panel the educational ability appraisal processes whereby they employ their professional expertness and cognition to organize an independent equal appraisal of kids in that school. The professio nals can be hired on a full-time, parttime and long-run footing ( Aas et al. , 2009 ) . One of the functions that these professionals play in the appraisal processes is naming larning jobs in pupils. Using the clinical psychological science theories, the experts diagnose whenever a kid has physiological, psychological and emotional jobs that mar his or her ability to larn. Identification of such jobs helps in finding ways to assist such kids in their acquisition. Second, the clinical psychological science professionals help to fit pupils with their optimum acquisition environments. This is done through measure uping which pupils fit which environment and which do non ( Taylor, Personal writer, compiler, or editor name ( s ) ; click on any writer to run a new hunt on that name.1997 ) . A pupil may be able to get by with certain demands of a peculiar acquisition environment while being wholly unable to get by with another environment ( Elliott, 2000 ) . These professionals help to fit a pupil with his or her ideal degree of challenges, demands and outlooks, non merely to forestall disheartenment and defeat for that kid, but besides to put the kid in the environment that he or she can be at his or her best ( Taylor, Personal writer, compiler, or editor name ( s ) ; click on any writer to run a new hunt on that name.1997 ) . Chiefly, these assessment Sessionss are the footing that many instruction establishments conduct abnormal psychology, psychological rating, psychoeducational guidance, audience, etc, for the pupils or possible pupils of such establishments ( American Psychological Association, 2007 ) . These professionals are charged with a experimental decision-making authorization, whereby they evaluate a kid and do a determination about such a kid ‘s ability to larn in peculiar environments. Notably, these professionals besides help the kids by coaction with the instructors in reexamining the best ways that a kid can be helped to achieve his or her possible ( Elliott, 2000 ) . This provides a important penetration to ideal direction and kid development methods in an purpose to expeditiously come on each kid ‘s cognitive/academic abilities. The professionals are besides able to name jobs in and propose ways of amending the socialisation processes of such kid ( Aas et al. , 2009 ) . In many cases, the professionals accumulate informations that is valuable to instruction and kid development and or psychology research while besides assisting reform educational systems organisations, policies and climes in favour of pupils ( Oosterhof, 1994 ) . Importantly, the professionals are given the authorization of forestalling crises and salving kids before their jobs get worse, utilizing their expertness to nail possible jobs even before such jobs become open ( Taylor, Personal writer, compiler, or editor name ( s ) ; click on any writer to run a new hunt on that name.1997 ) . School counselors, larning and disablement specializers, school psychologist and private pattern clinicians play the parental function in educational establishments by looking into the public assistance of each kid, for intents of heightening their acquisition ( Aas et al. , 2009 ) .

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Life and Times of Louise Arbour

There is much to be said about this woman who has been working on the side of justice since 1971. Critics are omnipresent, but in the case of Louise Arbour, the simplest of facts sing loudly of her praises. This once young girl attended a convent school, pushed herself through college and University of Montreal, only to embark on an extraordinary journey of justice. Louise Arbour is a Canadian who makes a difference as a UN Commissioner, as a judge for the Supreme Court, and through her role in the Kingston Penitentiary Inquiry.There was an incredible report by Louise Arbour in the 1990's that rocked the boats of so many. Through this period of her life, she was working as a judge for the Court of Appeal of Ontario. Arbour's Inquiry into the Prison for Women at the Kingston Penitentiary in Kingston, Ontario was a large and controversial move. There was an event at the prison on April 22, 1994 involving six female prisoners. They suffered abuse at the hands of management, the guards, and male inmates.They underwent illegal segregation, strip searches, and the list sadly goes on. Louise held media attention for really the first major time in her career over this, and was up against a surprising amount of criticism. Even some of the inmates, those that she was helping in the first place, felt â€Å"Arbour was too lenient with officials who violated prisoners' rights† (Driedger, 1996) SQ. Her report was extremely important in the changing of ways that female convicts are handled through the Correctional Service of Canada.Her demands were just and fair, and essentially led to the closure of the prison in 2008. Her report holds the Correctional Service of Canada to a much higher standard. Women have an equal voice on the inside now; they have rights. It was Secretary General Kofi Annan who named Arbour United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, which she graciously accepted in 2004. She had been working as chief prosecutor of war crimes for the Interna tional Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the former Yugoslav.While Louise Arbour's experience and knowledge was developed around the Canadian criminal justice system, her time in the United Nations had developed her knowledge and skill in international law (Louise Arbour (Cover Story), 2000) SUMM. Rwanda was on her list, and Louise managed the great victory of indictments due to genocide against former government ministers there (Louise Arbour (Cover Story), 2000) PARA. Meanwhile, Former Yugoslavian President Slobodan Milosevic was brought to trial at The Hague, thanks to Arbour, following his arrest for crimes against humanity.After a 5 year trial, justice was served when he died in his cell of natural causes in March 2006. While Louise was responsible for many convictions, investigations and preservations of human rights during her time serving the United Nations, and this is a case that stands out above the rest. There is still controversy over whether or not Louise fulfilled her position adequately during her roles in the U. N. However, a very important person took great notice of Arbour, and found her to be so successful that he bestowed upon her the chair on which she now sits; a judge for the Supreme Court of Canada.One of the Justices was finally retiring, and the opportunity for Arbour to take the seat was at hand. This would be Louise's final position until her retirement. It is well known that the Supreme Court of Canada handles important and usually high-profile cases, of things from administrative law to constitutional law, and everything in between. Sitting as Madame Justice on countless cases and making her rulings, casting her vote, Louise has made an impact on our country.It was the Right Honourable Beverley McLachlin (2004) who said it best: And then she plunged into her life as a member of this Court, with the energy and dedication that she brought to every faucet of her life. On the Court, she has been a vibrant, incisive, and inquisitive pr esence. She brought her extraordinary sense of humour to our deliberations, and unfailing moral commitments to our decisions. A court of nine judges is like the delicate movement of a clock and her departure will no doubt change the sound and rhythm of the Court. McLachlin, 2004)LQ With Louise and her devotion to the Rule of Law, the Supreme Court of Canada has prevailed in many cases, serving justice fairly and impartially. Louise has had her hand in many decisions, has written many articles, books, reports etc. She is an influential person; living testimony of the Rule of Law. Building her life on that very principle, others look to her for guidance, seek her counsel, and regard her words as truth. Through all of her works, especially those as Commissioner, Justice, and Judge, LouiseArbour has made an unforgettable impact who continues to make a difference. And Canada is proud to claim her as one of their own. Works Cited Driedger, S. &. (1996). The Prison System: ‘Cruel and Degrading'. Maclean's , pp. 109 (16), 24. INDEPTH: LOUSE ARBOUR. (2008, March 11). Retrieved from CBC News: www. cbc. ca/news Louise Arbour (Cover Story). (2000). Mclean's , pp. 113 (36), 44. Martin, P. (2004). Louise Arbour: Empathetic Judge. Time , 163 (17), 114. McLachlin, B. (2004, June 7). Judges of the Court. Retrieved from Supreme Court of Canada: www. scc-csc. gc. ca

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Depression of 1930 essays

Depression of 1930 essays During the 1930s, the Canadian nation suffered through the Great Depression. The Depression resulted from the culmination of several components, primarily the collapse of the American stock market. As a result of Canadas close alliance to the American economic system, and the dependence on the exportation of raw materials, the Depression was virtually unavoidable. Consequently, the dwindling Canadian economy was significantly impacted. The Depression affected every aspect of daily life, causing the public to remain in a desolate and desperate state, despite the numerous tactics applied by the leaders of the Canadian government. In order to gather knowledge and information on the topic of the Depression, the sources utilized included books. The variety of books provided a generalized overview of historical background data. In contrast, detailed and concise facts were presented within the books that focused specifically on the Canadian experience during the Depression and the period of the 1930s. These sources provided the important information pertinent to develop and argue the thesis of this essay. The Depression in Canada was caused by a number of serious weaknesses that occurred within the economy. Following World War I, there was an emergence of a fragile international economic structure. Great Britain was incapable of serving as world creditor due to increasing debts created from several years of fighting. Unfortunately, all other leading nations, including the United States, were reluctant and unprepared to fulfill this role previously occupied by Britain. In an attempt to recover from the effects of World War I, Britain heavily depended upon Canadian exports. Similarly, the American market also desired Canadian products, thus developing a large demand for Canadas staples. Throughout the 1920s, Canada reached a high level of production in farm produce, forest products and manufactured goods....

Monday, October 21, 2019

Classical Reading essays

Classical Reading essays This winter I read The Catcher in the Rye. I was very displeased when I came to the end. I had many questions. I wanted to know what happened after Holden got home. I wanted to know if his parents understood even though I doubt they did. I wanted to know if they sent him to another boarding school or if they decided they could handle him now. I did like the way Salinger wrote the book though, he told the story like a 16 year old boy would, not as a 50 year old man. My hope is that in AP English I will encounter this same experience with literature. On my own I read at least 2-3 books a month from fiction to non- fiction stories. For some reason reading is a way out for me, when I feel useless I pick up a book and read. I try to relate to the characters problems. I have the motivation to devote at least 7 hours of reading, writing, and thinking per week. Independent of school requirements, I would spend the same about of time on pleasure reading. Since 10th grade I have matured in many ways, at first criticism hurt a lot, but after awhile I developed a backbone. I started to understand that whatever doesnt kill me makes me stronger, after I realized this my writing quickly improved. I no longer sit in the back seat trying not to be called on, but instead I raise my hand proudly to get the chance to contribute to the class discussion. I not only want to learn more about English and literature but I would also like to get the chance to receive college credit. I believe that enrolling in AP English would better suit my long-term education goals than English 12. The requirements for AP English will help me not only now but also in my future college classes and beyond. After reading, The Face of Deception by Iris Johansen, I decided to find out more about the career of the main character, a forensic psychologist. Had I not opened up this book, I might not have ever become interested ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times

How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times By Mark Nichol Where do the commas go in references to days, months, years, and time of day? Take some time to note these punctuation rules: No comma is needed between a month and a year: â€Å"The meeting was held in August 2011.† The same form is correct for referring to a holiday during a certain year: â€Å"I haven’t seen her since Christmas 2005.† However, set the year off from the month and day: â€Å"She attended the August 31, 2011, meeting.† Use a comma to set a day off from the date on which the particular day falls: â€Å"The meeting was held on Wednesday, August 31.† A continuation of the sentence requires a second comma: â€Å"The meeting was held on Wednesday, August 31, and the report was issued the following week.† No comma is required between a date and a starting time for an event on that date: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31 at 7 p.m.† A continuation of the sentence requires no punctuation unless a new independent clause is introduced: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31 at 7 p.m. and is expected to last for three hours,† but â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31 at 7 p.m., and it is expected to last for three hours.† However, as in the second example in the second paragraph, the combination of day, date, and time requires organizational punctuation: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for Wednesday, August 31, at 7 p.m.† â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31, 7-9 p.m.† (Print publications should use an en dash for the time range; some online publications do so, too.) A comma should follow the time range if the sentence continues: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31, 7-9 p.m., and will feature a guest speaker.† A reference to day, date, and time requires commas between each pair of elements: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for Wednesday, August 31, 7-9 p.m.† (And don’t precede a time range with from: It’s either â€Å"7-9 p.m.† or â€Å"from 7 to 9 p.m.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtProved vs. Proven30 Nautical Expressions

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Disease Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disease Management - Essay Example Controlling the symptoms with just giving medicines, did not give them any relief and they were in distress. They wanted some one to talk to them and address other aspects like taking them to church or asking some dear one to meet them, etc. However, the wards were full and nurses could not spend much time with each patient. They were working mechanically with no emotional aspect in their care. The ward incharge who realized this suggested an increase in staff to the management. However, in my opinion, what the ward needed was different case management and not just increase in staff. According to Smith (2003), "case management involves an approach and an organizational attitude to achieving these ends, not simply a team of nurses." Schifalacqua et al (2004) opined that in order to realize individual fiscal and clinical outcomes, it is very important to implement community-based advance case management program. This is because, one of the keys for self-management outcomes appears to b e a personalised partnership. References MacKinnon-Schifalacqua, M., O'Hearn-Ulch, P., & Schmidt, M. (2004). How to make a difference in the health care of a population: One person at a time. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 28(1), 29. Smith, A. (2003).

Friday, October 18, 2019

Gender Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender - Term Paper Example Attfield (2000) says understanding culture through the emotions or ideas of objects â€Å"acknowledges the physical object in all its materiality and encompasses the work of design, making, distributing, consuming, using, discarding, recycling and so on. But above all it focuses on how things have gone through all those stages as part of the mediation process between people and the physical world at different stages in their biographies† (1-7). Thus, it is clear that objects can have multiple meanings. How these elements function together to appeal to the audience’s personal sense of function and appearance is what is referred to as aesthetics. This term is most often used in the art world to designate important works of art. Through the concept of aesthetics, artists such as Robert Maplethorpe explore concepts such as gender in works like the photographic print â€Å"Smutty† exhibited in the Tate Collection. Aesthetics is a very subjective subject as it depends not only on what the artist portrays, but also on what he intended to portray and what the audience brings to the dialogue. John Armstrong (2004) says aesthetics is the process that â€Å"enables one person to find beauty in an object which leaves another unmoved† (4). â€Å"Smutty† by Robert Maplethorpe was produced in 1980 as part of the artist’s collection of somewhat controversial images. The image consists of a half dressed man seated or perhaps squatting down to the ground and looking directly into the camera, but his head is tilted somewhat away from it. The man is a very lean person perhaps in his upper teens or early 20s and the upper portion of his body is bare. If it weren’t, the man might be mistaken as a woman. Both of the man’s arms are covered with tattoos and his style of clothing, what can be seen of it, is much like that of a punk rocker, which was popular in that era. The pant s he wears are black enough that they lose their dimension at the bottom edge of the picture. His

Ford Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ford Motor Company - Essay Example In the wake of industrialization a devastated event occurred in December 1984 that is consider the worst chemical incident due to the leakage of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas in the plant of the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) killing approximately 3,800 people (ICFTU, pp. 15- 25) in a sweep and several thousands injured with partial or permanent disabilities. The studies showed that the gas evolved in a cloud with the cold breeze and caught the local residents, suffocating them with coughs, choking, and irritation eventually resulting in massive death tolls. UCIL launched a thorough investigation with the consent of the local and federal government of India and another independent review by experts of Arther D. Little (ICFTU, pp. 15- 25) that both indicated the same conclusion. The evidence from the affected site showed the entrance of a massive amount of water in the tank containing the batch of methyl isocyanate that created an impulsive reaction with the heat and pressure, which eventually resulted in a lethal gas that invaded the whole plant and the residential areas. The independent review also indicated that the tragedy occurred due to the deliberate action of a skilled employee who introduced the water in the tank as the plant was certified with all the safety systems working at the time of accident that clearly draw the line towards the weakness in UCIL organizational hierarchy and strategically decisions (Browning, pp.1-15). UCIL has 50% stakes in the plant and the remaining by the Union Carbide Corporation.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global warming - Research Paper Example The planet’s temperature is constantly rising, and the trend has continued over the years. Globally, the average surface temperature has increased much in some degrees, and this is basically the effect of the greenhouse. Naturally the earth’s temperature depends on the amount of energy entering and leaving the planet. But when that later like blanket has been formed, the incoming energy from the sun gets absorbed and as a result, the earth warms. With the absence of this layer, the energy from the sun is therefore reflected back into the space, there will be no warming effect. Due to the fact that this energy has been reflected back, the earth experiences a cooling effect. Balancing of the energy leaving and entering the earth’s surface has been over a long period of time changed by both human and natural factors (Houghton, 2004). This has brought; variations in the sun’s energy reaching the earth’s surface, changes have occurred in the reflectivity of earth’s surface and that of the atmosphere. It has also caused major changes in the greenhouse effect, which has considerably affected the amount of heat that is retained in the earth’s atmosphere. ... And when all these challenges dawns at once, human beings and other living organisms have no chance rather to be exposed climate related health effects, increased risks of illnesses and more death that are as a result of extreme heat and heat waves from the sun (Have, Agius, & Unesco.2006). There is no short cut to curb these climate related problems. The only way out is to act now and try if we can reduce our carbon emissions in to the atmosphere, plant more trees, slow down the pace of global warming. And to the next generation, we should pass on to them a healthier and a safer world. The main goal of environmental policy is to ensure that the environment is protected for the future generation. The regulations are created to ensure that there is a great control of disposal of hazardous waste into the environment and to increase the quality of water and air which circulates in the atmosphere. When all these are taken into control, to a greater extent, it is going to balance the amou nt of energy entering and leaving the earth surface. It will also boost the reflectivity of the earth’s surface and that of the atmosphere which in turn brings the cooling effect to the earth. It will considerably bring to control the climatic change that results into greenhouse effect that determines the amount of heat retained in the atmosphere. Different governments in the world have written and established various policies (Robbins,et al.2010). These rules and regulations have to a lesser extent helped to curb the problem of global warming that has claimed the lives of innocent citizens, deteriorated world economies and destruction of properties due to earth quakes.

Strategic And Workforce Plan of WeaveTech Article

Strategic And Workforce Plan of WeaveTech - Article Example It has to be noted that as the plan is rolled out, there are certain changes also needed in other aspects of the HR system as a whole which include training programs for other employees as well as reviewing the structure of the organization to ensure that there is compliance with the envisaged workforce plan. The business metrics that can be used to track the success of the organizational goals and initiatives include performance measurement. The legal implications of this workforce plan relate to federal regulations that stipulate that employees that have been made redundant are entitled to their full benefits and packages and this can strain the organization’s financial position. Indeed, there are compliance issues with the federal law and regulations that should be taken into consideration. Such risks can be mitigated if the downsizing process is carried over a gradual period such that the transition does not impact on the operations of the organization. From the case of We aveTech, internal information required in the development of the workforce plan pertains to elements such as skills development, identifying the gap in terms of the needs of the employee where training is required as well as reviewing the operations of each department in order to streamline them towards the attainment of the set goals and objectives. External information, in this case, relates to headhunting where the executive management should try to look for people with the best talent to replace the managers going to be laid off.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global warming - Research Paper Example The planet’s temperature is constantly rising, and the trend has continued over the years. Globally, the average surface temperature has increased much in some degrees, and this is basically the effect of the greenhouse. Naturally the earth’s temperature depends on the amount of energy entering and leaving the planet. But when that later like blanket has been formed, the incoming energy from the sun gets absorbed and as a result, the earth warms. With the absence of this layer, the energy from the sun is therefore reflected back into the space, there will be no warming effect. Due to the fact that this energy has been reflected back, the earth experiences a cooling effect. Balancing of the energy leaving and entering the earth’s surface has been over a long period of time changed by both human and natural factors (Houghton, 2004). This has brought; variations in the sun’s energy reaching the earth’s surface, changes have occurred in the reflectivity of earth’s surface and that of the atmosphere. It has also caused major changes in the greenhouse effect, which has considerably affected the amount of heat that is retained in the earth’s atmosphere. ... And when all these challenges dawns at once, human beings and other living organisms have no chance rather to be exposed climate related health effects, increased risks of illnesses and more death that are as a result of extreme heat and heat waves from the sun (Have, Agius, & Unesco.2006). There is no short cut to curb these climate related problems. The only way out is to act now and try if we can reduce our carbon emissions in to the atmosphere, plant more trees, slow down the pace of global warming. And to the next generation, we should pass on to them a healthier and a safer world. The main goal of environmental policy is to ensure that the environment is protected for the future generation. The regulations are created to ensure that there is a great control of disposal of hazardous waste into the environment and to increase the quality of water and air which circulates in the atmosphere. When all these are taken into control, to a greater extent, it is going to balance the amou nt of energy entering and leaving the earth surface. It will also boost the reflectivity of the earth’s surface and that of the atmosphere which in turn brings the cooling effect to the earth. It will considerably bring to control the climatic change that results into greenhouse effect that determines the amount of heat retained in the atmosphere. Different governments in the world have written and established various policies (Robbins,et al.2010). These rules and regulations have to a lesser extent helped to curb the problem of global warming that has claimed the lives of innocent citizens, deteriorated world economies and destruction of properties due to earth quakes.

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Rogue Access Point Network Security Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rogue Access Point Network Security - Term Paper Example This implies that it is essential to determine the vulnerabilities that are associated with an organization’s control system networks through the seeking of understanding into operations and communication types that could be concomitant to the system. In this study, the main concern was the understanding of ways by which organizations network securities can be exposed to any form of network dangers, and the assessment of the security requirements and approach needed to fully comprehend and address the weaknesses of the network system’s access points. Consequently, the completion of this project is aimed at enabling the student to gain relevant practical knowledge on the aspects of network security requirements of an organization that are needed to harden the access points and prevent known network vulnerabilities. This shall be done with the core point of reference being the rogue access points (APs). A rogue access point refers to a wireless access point mounted on a safe network without explicitly receiving authorization form the administrator of the local network. In another sense, the rogue access points may be created by hackers in the process of trying to gain access to the system’s components through the conduct of man-in-the-middle attacks. Rogue access points, whether wireless or otherwise have often posed great security threats to an organization. Considering that if the rogue access points are of the first kind, then the organization will be deemed to lose in the sense that due to its large employee capacity, anyone with a right of entry to the premises would have the capacity to maliciously or non-maliciously install inexpensive wireless routers that could be used to potentially allow for the access of secure networks of the organization to unauthorized locations/parties. If the rogue access point is of a second kind, then the target would be the organization’s network that don’t engage the client-server and server-client relationship

Monday, October 14, 2019

The Jazz Age Essay Example for Free

The Jazz Age Essay The Jazz Age or the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† is a period just right after World War I between the 1920s to the 1930s which is known for the emergence of Flappers, Charleston, and Jazz. Flappers represent a new breed of women who are â€Å"saucy, outspoken bombshells with short skirts, shorter hair and plenty of ‘It’ (sex appeal)† (Trail End, 1995-2008). Charleston is a lively dance which originated from South Carolina and African American styles (Think Quest, 2000). Jazz is the music that came together with the Flapper and Charleston and it has become the most popular of them all (Trail End, 1995-2008). Jazz takes its roots from New Orleans where African American musicians first started to â€Å"improvise and share their music†. These musicians have widely spread what has been known as the â€Å"New Orleans sound† throughout the county by the year 1920 (UMN). The â€Å"sound† only came to be called â€Å"jaz† in 1917 or â€Å"jazz† in 1918 (Grayck).   However, it was only between 1917 and 1923 that the â€Å"New Orleans jazz† flourished to other parts of the country when â€Å"racism, prejudice, and violence resurfaced† against the African Americans which included the jazz musicians in New Orleans. So, these musicians came to Chicago, New York and Kansas City and from there on, jazz spread throughout the world (University of Minnesota Duluth, 2008). There are so many great and popular jazz musicians but this paper will only mention three of them. These musicians are Joe â€Å"King† Oliver, Louis Armstrong and Bix Beiderbeck. Joe â€Å"King† Oliver or Joseph Oliver was born near Abend, Louisiana in 1885. (Microsoft Student 2008, 2007). When he was still a child, he played the trombone but later shifted to playing the cornet. He was called by Edward Ory as the â€Å"King† of the cornet while he was still playing in Ory’s band. He later formed the Creole Jazz Band which became the â€Å"most popular band of the early 1920s†. In 1922, he invited Louis Armstrong to join his band (UMN). And he has been considered the greatest influence on Armstrong’s career. He also led the Dixie Conspirators in 1924 and moved to New York City in 1928. Unfortunately, things did not turn out good for him and he died in â€Å"relative obscurity† in 1938 (Microsoft Student 2008, 2007). However, his contributions are considered incomparable in the early 1920s (University of Minnesota Duluth, 2008). Louis Armstrong or Louis Daniel Armstrong was born in 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana to a poor family and whose father abandoned them when he was just newly born. Only his mother raised him up in the urban slums but he was only able to attend up to the fifth grade in school. Despite of this, he came to be known as one of the greatest and most influential jazz musicians of the twentieth century. In 1922, he joined King Oliver’s Creole Jazz band. From then on, his career flourished. In 1924, he moved to New York City where he joined Fletcher Henderson, and American pianist. In 1925, he formed his own recording group named the â€Å"Hot Fives (later known as the Hot Sevens)†. His recordings were considered as â€Å"some of the most seminal and enduring pieces in the history of jazz.† He was the one responsible for setting the â€Å"fundamental standards for improvisation† (Hasse, 2007). Bix Beiderdecke was born in Davenport, Iowa in March 10, 1903. He was one of those who were influenced by King Oliver. He first worked on a professional level with the Wolverines, then he worked with Charlie Straight and occasionally with Louis Armstrong and King Oliver,and with Frank Trumbauer, Jean Goldkette and Paul Whiteman. He started the â€Å"use of impressionist harmonies in jazz† and he was known for â€Å"his sweet tone and subtle phrasing†. Unfortunately, he only became very popular after he died of alcoholism and pneumonia in August 6, 1931 (Microsoft Student 2008, 2007). The Jazz Age did not only produce the best musicians the world has ever known but it also ushered all other kinds of music such as â€Å"Swing† to new heights. Works Cited â€Å"Bix Beiderdecke.† Microsoft Student 2008 (DVD). Redmond, WA: Micorsoft Corporation, 2007. Grayck, Tim. â€Å"The Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB).† Original Dixieland Jazz Band History Page. 27 September 1999. David Hansen Music Productions. 3 June 2008. http://members.aol.com/ODJBjazz/odjbhistory.html#2. Hasse, John Edward. â€Å"Louis Armstrong † Microsoft Student 2008 (DVD). Redmond, WA: Micorsoft Corporation, 2007. â€Å"Jazz Moves Up the River† American Jazz Culture in the 1920s. 2008. University of Minnesota Duluth. 3 June 2008. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/tbacig/studproj/is3099/jazzcult/20sjazz/index.html   Ã¢â‚¬Å"King Oliver.† Microsoft Student 2008 (DVD). Redmond, WA: Micorsoft Corporation, 2007. â€Å"The Jazz Age.† Trail End State Historic Site. 1995-2008. Trail End Guilds, Inc. 3 June 2008. www.trailend.org/dow-jazzage.htm â€Å"The Jazz Age and Louis Armstrong (The 1920’s).† Think Quest. 2000. 3 June 2008. http://library.thinkquest.org/C005846/categories/artliter/artslit.htm

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Value Management Strategy Evaluation

Value Management Strategy Evaluation During the value management module students have been introduced to different skills, tools, techniques and principles needed to conduct a systematic VM strategy. Students were asked to work in groups to suggest proper tools and techniques to undertake and design a full VM strategy for the Old Cross Community fitness Center project case study. Therefore, the main purpose of the essay is to critically evaluate and assess group three teams value management strategy. The discussion and evaluation of the VM strategy proposed by the group team will be supported by various literatures and researches. The essay starts with introduction to the value management concept and background and follows with brief description of the project brief and its key stakeholders. It then discusses the value opportunity point where the VM study can take place in the project. The full VM process including tools, techniques, duration, attendees and output in each phase of VM study will be will explored and discussed in detail. 2. Value management definition and background: The following paragraphs introduce the concept of the value and the value management. 2.1 The concept of value: In the context of value management, the value can be expressed as the relationship between satisfaction of need and the resources used to realize this satisfaction (EN 1325-1). SAVE INTERNATIONAL (2007) define value as a fair return or equivalent in goods, services, or money for something exchanged. Value can be viewed in different ways by different parties in different situations. Grater value can be achieved if the fewer amount of resources are used which resulted in higher satisfaction. 2.2 Value management: Value Management is a style of management which is used to motivate people and develop skills and innovation to increase overall performance of the organization. it is about enhancing value not cutting cost (OGC,2007). Value Management is a method for maximizing value for money which is the best combination of whole life cost and quality to meet the clients requirements and objectives. According to Dallas (2006), the application of VM approaches on average accomplish cost savings opportunities of 5-45%, with improvements in overall performance. Connaughton and Green (1996) highlighted that using value management will help the client to achieve value for money for their projects by making sure that: (i) project main objectives evidently discussed in details, (ii) the need for the project is clearly verified, (iii) the design is obtained from the decided framework of the project main objectives and goals. Other benefits of value management include a better understanding of the business needs, improved team working, increased innovation in design, and the reduction of unnecessary cost (OGC, 2007). (VM history in US UK- more outside references-) 3. Old Cross Community fitness Center project 3.1 Project summary and brief The Chief Executive of Newtown Council highlighted that the old cross district had been classified by a recent medical report as one of the least healthy area within England. To overcome this problem, a working party was formed consisting of members from three authorities namely the local area health, Leisure and Recreation, and Social Work and they decided to build fitness center which fit the whole community. The main project mission is to improve the health and fitness of the Old Cross district by providing adequate leisure facilities. The proposed fitness center comprise of summing pool, sport hall, general purpose hall, indoor tennis center, dance studio, health suit, staff accommodation and car park. The total cost of the project is estimated to be  £14.3 million, and the available for capital spend which is been granted from the awarding bodies is  £ 9.1million. It is clear that the project encounters some serious funding problems. The money required for the project is mor e than what is available. Therefore, a systematic value management study will be implemented in order to keep the project back on track. This will help the clients to achieve value for money for their project (OGC, 2007). 3.2 The project main stakeholders Stakeholders are those individuals and groups who are involved or have interest in its activities and outcomes. Before staring any project, it is important to clearly identify the client and the stakeholders requirement (Dallas, 2006). It is essential that the stakeholder represented by senior individuals who have the authority and can make decision on their behalf and who will contribute in aggressively in the workshop (Connaughton and Green, 1996). Male et al. (2007) outlined that Value management as a management style focuses on value system evolution and resolution within projects and this can be done by bringing the right team of stakeholders together at the right time. The group agreed that identifying the key stakeholders is very crucial issues for the success of the project. According to Baguley (2005), bringing the key stakeholders together in workshops will make best use of their contribution, increase the benefits of group dynamics and makes sure the most cost efficient use is made of members time. The key stakeholders identified by the group are the funding bodies, client representatives including the Chief Executive, Director of leisure and Recreation, Director of Housing and the technical team. However, the group didnt suggest any classification for the mentioned stakeholders. They all can be considers as a primary stakeholders since they have the authority and the power to influence the projects. According to Moodely (2002), the primary stakeholders on any project are those parties that have direct influence, or influenced by, the project. In other hand, examples of some secondary stakeholders which havent been mentioned by the group may include the local communities, and the local football and tennis club users. Although these parties may not involve directly in the project, they can still exercise a great deal of influence (Moodely, 2002). 4. Value management intervention points. The benchmarking research study done by Male, et al. (1998b) has identified six value opportunity points throughout the project life cycle were value management studies can be useful. These value opportunities can be taken at single or multiple intervention points throughout the project cycle. The six value management opportunity points are strategic briefing study, project briefing study, Chartte, concept design workshop, detail design workshop, and operations workshop (Kelly, Male and Graham, 2004). Figure 1 shows the six value management opportunity points. There was a large debate between groups members in determining value management intervention points. The group agreed that the client think that they are in the stage between design and construction in the project life cycle. This supported by the Director of leisure and Recreation statement when he mentioned in the interview that they should be one the site getting the project build. Also, the group agreed that the current project brief and concept design is not clear and the client should be taken back to the strategic brief stage to bring them forward. Therefore, the group believed that the project is in the stage between pre-concept and concept design. This indicates that there is a value management gap between where the clients think they are in the project life cycle and where the group thinks they are. To overcome this gap, the group decided to conduct value management study at point (C) the Charette to allow review the strategic brief and improve the concept design. In this particular project and according to the benchmarking research, the appropriate intervention points could be either at point (3) or point (C). According to Male et al. (1998b), the purpose of the concept design workshop is to review the initial plans, specification and cost plan. It is clear that this type of study-at point 3- concentrate mainly in technical aspects of the project without discussing the strategic and project brief. The interview with project Architect highlighted the problem of the lack of the clear project brief. Also, the Chief Executive of Newtown Council mentioned that there is shortage of money to fund the project. With these issues in mind, undertaking the VM study at point (3) is not a proper choice where in other hand; point (C) offers some valid solutions since it allows reviewing the strategic brief which will result in a clear project brief, better concept design and full understanding with client value system. In the Charette workshop all of the phase of strategic brief and project brief are combined into one workshop. Kelly et al. (2004) noted that the Charette study is usually the first study on the project and it is commonly undertaking after the client has taken the decision to build, completed project brief and selected the design team. According to the case study, no such value study had been done before for this project. Therefore, the group made the right decision to undertake the VM study at the point C, the Charette. 5. Value management process: Value Management may be described as a structured, analytical process for developing innovative, holistic solutions to complex problems (TAM 2004). It makes use of a controlled decision-making process to make sure that the complete scope of the value management study is covered in the greatest likely sequence (Venkataraman and Pinto, 2008). Norton and McElligott (1995); Dallas (2006) highlighted that the systematic procedure adapted during a value management study, include three phases which are the pre-study, workshop, and post-study activates. The group agreed to use the generic value management process which was adopted by Male et al. (1998a). The group chose this approach for many reasons. This process and framework is understood by most of the professionals and the client in the construction industry especially in the UK. Also, the authors of this process have adopted it after revision of over than 200 studies conducted with clients, design teams and contractors under range of different procurement route. Consequently, the process uses structured, team-oriented to evaluate and generate solution to the problems. The main components of the generic value management process and the workshop are shown in Figure (2). The generic value management processes consist of three phases which include the orientation and diagnosis phase followed by the work shop and implementation phases. The group proposed that whole VM study will take eight weeks (see section 5.4 ). 5.1 Orientation and Diagnosis phase The Orientation and Diagnosis phase starts by gathering the most important information which allows the value management team to determine the main strategic objectives of the project by identifying the stakeholders objectives and needs to deliver the project in most effective way Also, in this phase the value management teams prepare them self for the study by preparing and understanding the related information, such as project specifications, cost data, and project constraints (Shen and Liu, 2003). The information that is collected, evaluated, and consolidated in this stage, forms the foundation for all following analysis (TAM 2004). The agenda for the workshop and the attendance will be determinate at this phase (Younker, 2003). Male and Kelly (2004) describes this phase as very crucial. It is the only opportunity for the value manger to fully understand all aspects of the projects such as the key stakeholders, the participants, and the value problem. For addition, Orientation meetings allow every one involved in the project to fully understand the issues, barriers and constraints which the project faces as well as allowing those how have to give decision to give and receive information (Kelly and Male, 1993). The desired outcome of this stage is an obvious understanding of the clients needs which have to be addressed, and what the strategic priorities are (SAVE INTERNATIONAL 2007). The group discussed this phase in details and decided that more information is needed to prepare for the VM study. This information includes project documents, organization structure, client requirements, conduction more interviews. According to Norton and McElligott (1995), the most concern at this stage that all parties which related to the study are well coordinated and there is sufficient information for reviewing during the study. Also, the group agreed that this process will highlight some important issues such as value management challenges and problems as well as identifying of where the project is in its life cycle. It is clear that the group did not assign time to each individual activity in this phase. Also the group didnt mention the name of main stakeholders who should be interviewed and the reason for their choices. In the following paragraphs critical analysis will be conducted to the four main activities of the orientation and diagnosis phases which are the interview, site tour, document analysis and duration. 5.1.1 Gathering information and document analysis: The group underlined that more information is need in this phase before conducting the VM study. This will help the value manger and VM team to have better understanding about issues around the project (Ellis et al., 2005). Shen and Chung (2000) noted that lack of information is the most often encountered difficulty in VM studies. According to Norton and McElligott (1995) typical information such as the project brief, drawings and specifications should be gathered from the design team and the client. Some other extra documents stated by Male et al. (1998a) include clients business case issues and previous reports including VM workshop reports. It essential that value manger should make good relations with the source of information to ensure their support in various stages of volume management study. Once this information is gathered, it can be circulated to value management team to review them before conducting the next stage of the study. 5.1.2 The interview Male et al. (1998a) highlighted that by conduction interviews with main stakeholder, the facilitator or the value manger will be able to take general idea about the strategic and technical issues which surrounded the project. Understating these issues will help the facilitator to identify the mismatches and as well as selecting of appropriate tools and techniques to be used during the workshop. Building commitment to the VM study is other benefit of conducting interviews with key stakeholders and top management (Woller, 2005). It is very important that interviewees must be sure what all what they say and their discussions stay confidential (Male and Kelly, 2004). Male et al. (1998a) recommended the facilitator to use the check list techniques when conducting interview with key stakeholders. The checklist addresses some key issues surrounding the project. This may include issues around project environment community, organization, project duration, people skills, and stakeholder analysis and project constraints. The group emphasised that more interviews should be conducted. This is due to two reasons: unclear brief and different stakeholders interests and agenda. The group did mention the people that should be interviewed by the facilitator. Apart from the people already interview in the case study, some of the key stakeholders should be interviewed to understand their needs and requirements. These key stakeholders may include representative of: (i) NHS Drug and Addiction Committee, (ii) Local Area Health authority, (iii) Local Football clubs, (iv) Fitness Specialist, (v) Police Community Constable. After conduction these interviews, the value manger will be able to understand the value system of the client and well be more prepared for the work shop phase. 5.1.3 Site visit The group did consider that site visit is important for the VM study. However, in this project, the site visit seems to be very important. According to Norton and McElligott (1995) , site visits at earlier stage of the study can help the value management team to understand some aspects of the project such access, topography and site density more easily, hence it help them in understanding the physical context of the project. If the site visit can not be done for any reason, the site photographs should be provided. 5.1.4 Other techniques More helpful techniques such as questionnaire could be conducted in this phase. However, in this project, the time is very critical issue. There is a possibility that the awarding bodies could withdrawal the money for the project if the construction got late. Therefore, the value manger could stick to previous techniques in order to save time. 5.1.5 Who should attend the workshop The group decided that eleven members should attend the work shop. These participants include representatives of the key funding bodies, a member of Newtown Council- the Chief Executive, architect, cost consultant, and mechanical and electrical engineer. Multidisciplinary composition of can be considered as one of the most important prerequisite for the VM team structure (Kelly and Male 1993; DellIsola, 1997) The team number looks acceptable since Male et al. (1998a) stated that the number of participants is generally between five to fifteen. If the number is more than that, it is advisable to divide the team to smaller sub team. For addition, the quality and the structure of the VM team and are very important for the success of the value management study a (Baguley, 2005). One of the key reasons why the group has chosen these people is that these people can have great impact of the success of the project. According to Shen and Liu (2003), team members should include all applicable disciplines and key stakeholders in order to cover the project issues under the study. Therefore, Representatives from each funding bodies play important role in funding the project and thus their attendance are very curial. The power of the chief executive to take decisions will influence the effectiveness of the workshop. With reference to Woller (2005), top management support is one of element of success of the VA study. For addition, architect, cost consultant, mechanical and electrical engineer have valuable technical background of the project which is not available to other team members. They can help in sparking new useful proposals by using their experience and knowledge in reviewing the brief, the concept design, specifications and other aspects of the project. Some of the stakeholders were excluded from the work shop attendance. The reason for this is that the value management team becomes relatively difficult to control (Norton and McElligott , 1995). For example, inviting Dr Jamie Macdonald to participate in the workshop event will have limited benefit. However, he can be interviewed in the pre- study phase. In other hand, Keith Bonnet should be invited to participate in the workshop since. He supported the project by managing a funding package and by introducing new ideas. Thus, he will helpful in the brainstorming session and creativity phase during the actual workshop. According to Shen and Liu (2003), it is better to have VM members who are open-minded and who have a positive attitude toward new ideas with strong desire to be innovative. 5.1.6 Total duration of the Orientation and Diagnosis phases The total duration of these phase decided by the group range from 15 days to 20 days and with two weeks separating this phase from the workshop phase. Bolton (2005) highlighted that a period of two weeks should separate the pre-work shop requirement and the actual workshop. The group did mention the duration for each activity such as information gathering, document analysis, interviews and other activates. This phage could be divided in two sub stages: information gathering stage and evaluation stage. The first stage will take 10-15 days and will include the interview with the key stakeholder, document analysis and the site visit. The next stage is the evaluation stage which will take from 5 to 10 days. The facilitator will identify and confirm the workshop attendees and prepare the full agenda for the actual workshop phase in this phase (Cook, 2005). 5.2 Workshop phases The workshop phase is considered as the most important phase in the value management process. This phase should be properly planned and executed otherwise it will be expensive and time consuming. It emphasises the need to accomplish a time commitment from the VM team for the full workshop process. The Workshop process benefit from the chance to discover the over lapping areas of knowledge between the various disciplines (TAM 2004), as shown in the Figure 3. To enhance the success of the workshop, an isolated environment should be provided for the participants (Male et al. 1998a). The workshop can be hold in off-sit meeting room, and if not be possible a conference room at hotel can suitable solution (Norton and McElligott, 1995). Throughout this phase the agenda which was already prepared in the orientation and diagnosis phases would be discussed in details by the VM team. The group discussed these agenda and proposed two days workshop which will be conducted in a hotel. According to Hunter and Kelly (2007), in UK, it is normal to have one day workshop. Lenzer (2001) highlighted that there is an increasing pressure to conduct a workshop with shorter duration. Therefore, the two days proposed by the group seems to be reasonable. In other hand, However, it would be better if the group give accurate time for each single activity during constructing the agenda for the workshop. The agenda proposed by the team, he role of the facilitator, and the workshop process will be discussed in the next sections. Table (1) shows the duration of activities for the two days workshop proposed by the group. Day one from: 9.00am 12 pm Activities Introduction on roles and responsibilities Issue Analysis T/C/Q Client value matrix Project driver Strategic timeline LUNCH 1 pm to 4 pm Strategic function Needs and wants VM and VE separated two teams for brainstorm: Team1: Functional space analysis and User flow analysis and Team2: Element component function Close and dinner Day two From: 9 am -12 am Information review 2ndand 3rdsort LUNCH 1 pm to 5 pm Review development plan Prepare action plan Report sing off Table1: two days workshop activities proposed by the group. 5.2.1 Workshop facilitator According to Kaufman (2000), the main role of facilitator is to educate the team on the guiding principles, tools, techniques and methods of value management before and throughout the process of facilitating the project team. The facilitator involved before the project starts to determine the disciplines required on the team and the team size. For addition, skilled and experience facilitator is important for the successful of the workshop. The facilitator should have some skills which include setting the workshop agenda, mangling the workshop process, and producing the VM report (Baguley, 2005). The group decided that one facilitator would be used for the value management study. However, it will be more beneficial for the client if dual facilitators are used to. According to Dallas (2006), two facilitators are recommended option since they can help each other during the study and they can work for longer days, thus the clients can be sure that they will get value for money. Nunamaker et al. (1997), highlighted that many things can go wrong with teamwork, therefore, the group decision-making process may suffer from many difficulties and become unproductive. Thus, with dual facilitators this problem can be eliminated. The climate of the VM study and the workshop will not be collaborative. Many funding bodies and other stakeholder have different agenda and interests. With this issue in mind, the gap in funding the project is strong reason to assume adversarial climate of the workshop. More money is needed to cover this gap. This make the VM study much difficult since and a major surgery is needed to keep the project in truck. For those reasons, it is very important that a representative from each funding bodies attend the workshop phase. Consequently, two facilitators are needed to mange the VM study especially when the workshop becomes more intense due to large attendees especially during discussion of the function analysis which is the core of the workshop (Dallas, 2006). 5.2.2 The workshop agenda and process As stated before, the group decides that the total duration of the workshop is two days which are shown in details in table (1). According to Male et al. (1998a), the Charette type workshop may take from two to three days to fill the mind of the team with knowledge and then go through the process to generate solutions. Therefore, with two days schedule, some activities should be given more time and some techniques should be introduced or canceled. Table (2) and Table (3) show in details the authors proposed schedule for the first and second day of the workshop. The group divided the workshop process into four main stages. The first day of the workshop will include the first two phases which are information and creativity (back to basic) stages. The other two phases which are evaluation and development and action planning stages will be included in the second day. This framework is used by many researchers (Clancy and Dennis, 2004 ; Kelly et al., 2004). However, the techniques and tools adopted by the group during the above phases should be changed or re-shifted to allow sufficient time for some activities. For example, in the first day, it would be better to discus the project drivers as a part of issue analysis then starting TCQ analysis since the project drivers technique precedes TCQ analysis (Male et al. 1998a) Also, it would be better to extend the time for the first day up to 18:00 to give sufficient time to discus and construct the strategic function diagram and associated actives. In the second day, the group proposed to take the full mooring period to evaluate the new proposals and ideas. It would be better if the VM team starting developing the ideas after the tea break. First day of the workshop as proposed by the author At the first day of the workshop, the facilitator begins with introducing the agenda to the VM team. This will be followed by discussing issues analysis, identifying the client value system, then closing with applying function analysis. Below is the schedule for the first day of the workshop proposed by the author followed by discussion of the main agenda. 5.2.2.1 The information gathering stage. The group suggested to use some of the following activities in this stage during the mooring session .However, the author has re-shifted some major activities. Presentations and team building. Being the initial stage of the workshop, participants of the workshop introduce themselves and their knowledge and responsibilities to the VM team. According to Norton and McElligott (1995), it is good idea if the representatives of the client give brief introduction to the main objective of the VM study and show their commitment to the whole process The facilitator then will introduce the agenda and the main principles for all members of the VM study to bring them to the same level of knowledge of the key project issues (Baguley, 2005). Issues analysis and priorities. At this activity the facilitator will ask the VM members about all the issues which have great impact on the project. These issues will then ranked and prioritize by the VM team according to their degree of impact. According to Kelly et al. (2004) issues that can be addressed in this stage are those issues related to: funding, politics, project location, project parameters and constrains, community, time, and environment impact. (iii) Client value system. The group emphasised that client value system should be clearly identified and understood by VM members. The clients should give clear view about their value system. The clients value system consists of a number of interrelating parts which are derived from the client strategic management process. It is important that the representatives of the client speak at this activity where other members keep silent and listen (Kelley, et al., 2004) Time/Cost/ Quality analysis By forcing the client to consider the three issues of time, cost and quality in the VM study, project priorities can be established. This simple visual technique can lead to many different opinions. Once the triangle of Time/Cost/Quality constructed, procurement strategies and option can be reviewed (Male et al., 1998a). At this stage and before going for lunch, all critical issued and critical success factors should have been identified. Also client value system should be clearly determined and agreed with client representatives and VM members are conscious of its implication and consequences (Male and Kelly, 2004). 5.2.2.2 Back to basic stage (creativity and generating ideas) Function analysis is the methodical process of identifying functions and their related costs, and based on established criteria for the product or service, the need of those functions are evaluated. It can be considered as the core process of the VM study (Spaulding, 2005). When applying function analysis, the value management team will ask the question of why it is that the item exists rather than what it is than being reviewed (Norton and McElligott, 1995; Connaughton and Green 1996). As group mentioned, three techniques of function analysis will be applied. The first one is Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) which will be used directly after the lunch. For the other two techniques the VM team will be divided into two separate teams. The first team will apply the space analysis and second team will apply the element component analysis. FAST (Function Analysis System Technique) The group decided to establish the project FAST diagram since it is the core of the VM process. The duration of this activity is one hour. FAST is defined as a system which display functions in a rational sequence, prioritise them and test the dependency (Kaufman, 2003), Constructing the project FAST diagram begins with randomly brainstorming functions to generates ideas. This then followed by prioritizing the important functions. Once the dependency between function are established, project FAST diagram can be constructed (Male et al., 2004). Consensus is the main out put of the multi-disciplined team involved in a FAST exercise. To perform the next activates, the VM team will be divided into two teams. The first facilitator will be responsible for the functional space analysis activity. The attendees in this workshop include the key funding bodies and the Chief Executive. The second team will perform the element component analysis and will be facilitated by the second facilitator. The attendees of this activity include beside the facilitator the architect, cost consultant, and mechanical and electrical engineer The functional space analysis In this stage the VM team investigate that all space within the project or the building should performs a function, otherwise the space will be a waste of money and has no value. It essential

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Measuring Public Relations Effectiveness For The Dole Food Company :: Business Case Study, solution

I also chose to analyze an article by Dr. Walter Lindenmann, a case study called â€Å"Measuring Public Relations Effectiveness For The Dole Food Company and the Society for Nutrition Education.† The main reason I chose to analyze this article was because it focuses specifically on one measurement study and tells exactly how it was conducted. Dr. Lindenmann‘s study was to determine the effectiveness of a program conducted by the Dole Food Company. The Dole food Company’s program involved creating a CD-ROM in conjunction with the Society for Nutrition Education that would educate third grade students and their teachers of the importance proper nutrition. The CD-ROM was to inform them about how they needed to eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day to maintain a healthy nutrition. Dole chose to test their CD_ROM in 178 classes in 65 schools across 5 different states before they took the program nationwide. Dole used Dr. Lindenmann and the office Ketchum Public Relations to conduct the study on the effectiveness of the CD_ROM in their test program. Dr. Lindenmann explained that they used a three-phased research design to conduct their study. They started off by sending out questioners that were distributed to about 1000 students and 40 teachers. The questioners were used to measure the awareness and attitudes of the classes before they were introduced to the CD-ROM. This was used to establish a base line to compare the results of the study against in the report. They then conducted a qualitative telephone poll with one forth of the teachers after the introduction of the program at about the mid point of it. The poll was used to track the teacher’s views and concerns regarding the CD-ROM. The third phase the research team conducted mirrored the first phase. The team distributed questioners four months after the programs completion in order to measure awareness and behavior change as result of the CD-ROM. Results of the measurement test found the program to be beneficial. Before introduced to the CD-ROM students were only able to answer five out of eighteen questions on the questioner correctly, four months after the program students were able to answer eleven of the eighteen questions correctly. The proportion of student that were able to answer seventeen of the eighteen questions correctly also went up. The study also found that students were talking more with there families about the importance eating five fruits and vegetables a day, this increased from forty five percent before the program to sixty seven percent after being exposed to the program.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Landscape in “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” by T. S. Eliot

Landscape in â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† by T. S. Eliot Although the full meaning within T. S. Eliot’s dense poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† proves difficult to grasp, the deep meaning packed into every word makes the pursuit to understanding this poem a never-ending adventure. Scenery in â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† represents an intensely psychological account which should never, in any instance, by taken literally.The loss of time, the confusion of past, present and future tenses, the static movement, and the eternal metaphor of the question produces this psychological scenery which in turn amplifies the intensity of the poem. Time in â€Å"Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† plays a very important part in creating the landscape of the main character’s narration. The overwhelming sense of being caught in time begins within the first three lines after the epigraph: â€Å"Let us go then, you and I,/ When the evening is spread out against the sky/ Like a patient etherized upon a table;†.Just like a patient anesthetized by ether, the narrator appears trapped in a space of vulnerability at the mercy of others without the existence of time. Also, the association of the sky with an object as non-moving as a stone evokes a space in which the sky or the atmosphere has no movement: the loss of physical time. Time, in the case of the poem, appears endless (â€Å"And indeed there will be time. † pg. 4) as consequence to the narrator’s psychological state of â€Å"stuckness† and the sense of time becomes warped in confusion and solitude.J. Alfred Prufrock’s isolation also represents a loss of time within the poem. The repetition of â€Å"And indeed there will be time†¦There will be time, there will be time†¦And indeed there will be time† alludes, once again, to a landscape without time. Also phrases such as â€Å"In the room the women co me and go/ Talking of Michelangelo† use repetition for the purposes of emphasizing Prufrock’s monotonous existence and solitude without an attempt of improvement. . In addition, J.Hillis Miller explains: Like the women talking of Michelangelo, he exists in an eternal present, a frozen time in which everything that might possibly happen to him is as if it had already happened: â€Å"For I have known them all already, known them all† (CP, 4). In this time of endless repetition Prufrock cannot disturb the universe even if he should presume to try to do so. Everything that might happen is foreknown, and in a world where only one mind exists the foreknown has in effect already happened and no action is possible.Prufrock’s observation but lack of contribution emphasizes his state of solitude, and his consistent lack of contribution throughout the remainder of the poem demonstrates the impaired movement in the poem Similarly, the confusion of tense also demonstra tes a landscape without the existence of time. Confusion of tenses in â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† substantiates the feeling of immaterial space such as when:The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes   1 The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes   Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening   Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains,   4 Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys,   Slipped by the terrace, made a sudden leap,                                              And seeing that it was a soft October night   Curled once about the house, and fell asleep. 4) 8 The first two lines describe the fog in present tense, but the third in past tense. In the fourth line, Prufrock begins with past tense (Lingered upon the pools) and continues in present tense (that stand in the drains). The fifth line makes the same change in tenses and the remainder of the stanza continue s in past tense. Space, explains J. Hillis Miller, â€Å"must be exterior to the self if movement through it is to be more than the following of a tedious argument in the mind.In the same way only an objective time can be other than the self, so that the flow of time can mean change for that self†, therefore time has only a subjective existence for J. Alfred Prufrock. Subsequently, past, present, and future exist in the immediate moment. Static movement in â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† plays an important role in emphasizing the state of the poem’s landscape. Essentially, J. Alfred Prufrock admits to knowing the lack of movement when â€Å"In a minute there is time/ For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse†.The narrator’s message that no matter what he does, there will never by change emphasizes a desperation to move which the character’s subconscious inhibits by habit and indecision. Monotony due to proclivity whe n â€Å"For I have known them all already, known them all:—/Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons, / I have measured my life with coffee spoons;† demonstrates invariability in the narrators mind because all he points out having done exists in the mind: known the everyday routine, and measured every moment of his life in his mind.In addition to the narrator’s self-assessed lack of movement, Prufrock’s narration places him in a less-than-human position when he says, â€Å"I should have been a pair of ragged claws/ Scuttling across the floors of silent seas†. That Prufrock compares his monotonous existence as being equal to that of a crab in the silence and stillness of the ocean floor directly demonstrates his deadlocked existence.The continuance of the â€Å"unanswered question† also demonstrates mental deadlock because although the â€Å"overwhelming question† crops up multiple times throughout the poem, the narrator does not or cannot explain the question, nor does an answer arise. The lack of progress demonstrates an eternal present in â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†. In addition to the endless time in â€Å"The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock† the metaphor of the question symbolizes the barrier between Prufrock’s mind and the outside world. The actual unanswered question throughout the story may demonstrate a lack of movement, but it extends much farther than a question. All that is miscommunication and incommunicable acts as an extension to the significance of the question. Throughout the poem, Prufrock’s struggle to communicate with both the characters in his mind and the reader demonstrates his self-acknowledged impotence.The inability to communicate when Prufrock says, â€Å"In the room the women come and go/ Talking of Michelangelo†(4) demonstrates the barrier between Prufrock and society because Prufrock never approaches the characters of which he spe aks, he only watches from an unknown distance in an unknown location. Although Prufrock does not approach these figures of society, the moments there is communication demonstrates social flaw. J.Hillis Miller explains that â€Å"Prufrock's vision is incommunicable, and whatever he says to the lady will be answered by, ‘That is not what I meant at all. /That is not it, at all’. The lady is also imprisoned in her own sphere, and the two spheres can never, like soap bubbles, become one. Each is impenetrable to the other†. The last five stanzas of the poem show a change in scenery which seems to switch to the seaside and then into the â€Å"chambers of the sea† which restores his original wish to have been a creature of the sea.This scene also demonstrates the consequences of attempted communication between the outside world and the narrator when: â€Å"We have lingered in the chambers of the sea/ By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown/ Till human v oices wake us, and we drown†. This passage, especially the end line, displays the effect of outside vitiation on Prufrock’s mental state. The result of drowning as consequence to the human voices isolates the bubble that is the narrator’s existence from the outside world which, once penetrated, can no longer function. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† captures the landscape inside the mind of the narrator through many subtle and abstract ways. The intense meaning of the poem captured through the mind of the character uses the loss of time, the confusion of past, present and future tenses, the static movement, and the eternal metaphor of the question in order to produce an intensely psychological landscape. The obvious amount of thought and effort embedded in the language of â€Å"the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† demonstrates the great meaning seen within Eliot’s poetry.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Korean reform movements

Korea had long been China's most important client state, but its strategic location opposite the Japanese islands and its natural resources of coal and iron attracted Japan's interest. In 1875 Japan, which had begun to adopt Western technology, forced Korea to open itself to foreign, especially Japanese, trade and to declare itself independent from China in its foreign relations. In December of 1884, a faction of young Korean aristocrats, called Progressives, attempted a coup d'à ©tat, Kapsin Jeongbyeon, with the support of the Japanese in an attempt to gain true national independence and put their government on the way to modernization. Japan soon became identified with the more radical modernizing forces within the Korean government, while China continued to support the conservative officials gathered around the royal family. This political coup detat was provoked by China's interference in Korea's internal affairs. Chinese conservatives in collaboration with their Korean associates stemmed the tide of modernization policy proposed by reformists and aimed at strengthening of Korean independence. As a consequence there was a threat of war between Japan and China but it was avoided by the signing of the Li-Ito Convention, â€Å"the agreement in compliance with which each nation would withdraw its troops from Korea and give advance notice to the other before sending troops back in† (Stone MacDonald, 1996, p. 38). The reformists’ bid for power failed and traditional Korean government supported by China, retained control. There are several weaknesses in Kapsin Jeongbyeon that made it fail. First of all this revolt was planned to be implemented during the celebration of the grand opening of new Postal Administration. So the armed forces illegally burst into the palace where celebration was held and made an attack. They counted on the Japanese legation guards in terms of military support but did not get any assistance on Japan’s part. On the contrary they met Japan’s treason when the military forces retreated, leaving reformists’ activists on their own. This was the second major cause of Kapsin Jeongbyeon defeat. Besides the lack of military power the reform movement suffered from the lack of public support. The Korean society turned out to be politically immature and unable to give appropriate assessment to the situation and necessary support. The pledge of any reformative ideas offered by politicians, public figures or revolutionists depends on that whether this idea can receive powerful backing from ordinary citizens. In the case with Kapsin movement this prerequisite was not fulfilled and this fact consequently added to the movement failure. Despite its failure, Kapsin movement left a significant trace in the history of Korea as national event. In its essence it was the movement the aim of which was the implementation of a nationally important program of modernization and achievement of independent status for Korean nation. Virtually, it was the first active movement in the Korean modern history. The Kapsin participants strived to do away with feudal system in the country and lay the foundation for development of the financially independent, modern state. The idea of the movement concerned two facets of the Koreans life – independence and modernization. Thus it provided a stimulus for further struggle against foreign domination over Korea and first of all for resistance movement against China’s incursion and assertion of national independence. On the other hand Kapsin stimulated modern reforms that ameliorated social and financial situation in the country, founded national defence system that consolidated national power of Korea and last but not least introduced the market economy. Being a national movement, Kapsin provided sound basis for modern nationalism in Korea, its national concepts were repeatedly exploited by later nationalism movements. It also affected religious situation in the country. Though the coup d'à ©tat failed, many reformers with religious leanings turned to Christianity, even reformist Confucianism lost prestige and institutional support.  1884 coup detat, Kapsin Jeongbyeon, signified a period of the rise of competing nationalism, the self-strengthening and enlightenment campaigns in Korea. References: Stone MacDonald, Donald (1996) The Koreans: Contemporary Politics and Society. Boulder: Westview Press.

A Tragic Story Of Jerry Cruncher English Literature Essay

Jerry Cruncher is a Victorian joker in a tragic narrative. Transitioning from Jerry Cruncher ‘s amusing life to Lucie Manette ‘s tragic life creates a hearty balance go forthing the reader desiring more from each scene. His lower category dark wit contrasts the visible radiation and aired tone of the blue bloods established by Charles Dickens, the writer of â€Å" A Tale of Two Cities † . With such a sad narrative, Dickens uses Jerry Cruncher sparsely and efficaciously to supply amusing alleviation, dark comedy, and societal sarcasm to interrupt the melodrama and do the reader laugh merely plenty before immersing back into the love, decease, and unhappiness. The character Jerry Cruncher refers to himself as an honorable shopkeeper, an dry statement made by a adult male whose trade is sedate robbing. He describes this occupation as, â€Å" Goin ‘ fishing † , which is a lampoon of the chief subject, Resurrection ( Dickens chapter 20 ) . Many characters go through a Resurrection throughout the novel and it ‘s merely suiting for Jerry Cruncher ‘s â€Å" Resurrection † to be delving up organic structures. This amusing alleviation shows how Dickens is a maestro of balance. Sydney Carton, whose Resurrection is the most of import, is balanced by the amusing Resurrection of Jerry Cruncher. Ironically, it is because of this occupation that Sydney Carton can blackjack Solomon. Since Jerry dug up Roger Cly ‘s grave and did n't happen anything but stones, Sydney uses this as purchase ( the chapter with the rubric named about cards or whatever ) . This amusing state of affairs, and Jerry Cruncher surprisingly assisting non aching the state of affairs, non merely continues the subject of Resurrection, in a alone Jerry Cruncher-esque manner, but besides provides amusing alleviation to an otherwise serious secret plan turn. His idiom besides provides amusing alleviation. The chief characters speak in a prosaic, consider tone while Jerry speaks in a haphazard, random tone. The words he uses to depict serious things puts the reader at easiness. He describes sedate robbing as fishing, he describes praying as flopping, and he uses a â€Å" tungsten † for the missive â€Å" V † . These small things, Dickens is a great maestro of inside informations, assist equilibrate out the heavy dramatic subdivisions. Not merely is Jerry ‘s idiom good story, but the fact that Jerry negotiations to himself throughout the novel is every bit good. The ground he talks to himself is n't explained in the novel but it is still a genius word picture and continues Jerry ‘s hallmark amusing alleviation in serious state of affairss. Many of the funniest minutes of the novel are the conversations Jerry has with himself. Dickens uses Jerry Cruncher for dark comedy excessively. Jerry beats his married woman against the wall because she is praying, or â€Å" flopping † as Jerry calls it, for him ( Dickens chapter 14 ) . This kind of comedy can be misunderstood but Dickens ‘s usage, merely plenty, makes for more comedy in the state of affairs instead than the dark. He complains that she is praying for him and admonishes her for her aid, but the Crunchers are a lower category household and do necessitate aid to better supply for themselves. It ‘s a paradox ; Jerry wants to be good off but does n't take the aid that he needs. In the very terminal of the novel, Jerry repents about his incorrect behaviors. He pledges to be a sedate digger non a robber, and pledges to let his married woman to pray for him ( dickens terminal of book find it ) . This alteration is the concluding amusing alleviation. The realisation was expected but ne'er envisioned, for, Jerry, seemed to be the character that would n't alter in the book. Dickens, nevertheless, used this alteration to be the concluding comedy to supplement the terminal of Sydney Carton. Jerry Cruncher is a better and funnier character by altering into a sympathetic and normal individual. Wife crushing usually is n't amusing, but in the context of the state of affairs, Dickens manages it good. Jerry ‘s married woman is seeking to assist her hubby and her kid by turning to faith. He tells her to halt praying for him and that he does n't necessitate faith. After he fails at happening a organic structure to delve up, he beats her. Jerry Cruncher crushing his despairing married woman, merely seeking to assist, could be highly violative, but in the custodies of Dickens, is dark comedy at its best. With books like â€Å" Oliver Twist † and â€Å" Great Expectations † , Dickens masterfully satirizes the lower category and â€Å" A Tale of Two Cities † is no exclusion. Social sarcasm is a strength of Charles Dickens and by utilizing Jerry Cruncher ‘s character, he satirizes the lower category of London. The narratives go back and Forth between the Manettes, a rich, blue household and the Crunchers, a lower category household. The blunt contrast keeps the narrative alive and reviewing non leting the reader ‘s attending to roll. The Manettes day-to-day life, house conditions, and interaction are warm and ask foring. Lucie and Dr. Manette ne'er argue and ever talk to each other in a loving manner. And when Charles Darnay is added, Lucie ‘s and Charles ‘ conversations are every bit as loving. But with the Crunchers, their place is nil like the Manettes and every word uttered from Jerry is condescending towards his married woman. He beats h er with a shoe, with his fist ; with virtually anything and despite all of this, his boy still wants to be merely like him ; an sarcasm that Dickens uses often. The attitude Jerry has, ne'er accepting aid, in changeless denial of his illegal occupation, and maltreating his married woman, will be cyclical. Until person stairss in and rights all of Jerry ‘s wrongs, something his married woman would make if she could acquire a word in, small Cruncher will be an exact transcript of Jerry. Dickens even explicates this in his usual witty sarcasm in Chapter whatever look it up ( Dickens etc ) . This dry rhythm was directed towards the hapless. His societal commentary was to carry the hapless to assist themselves and utilize their milieus, the people they knew, and even faith to actuate and animate them to achieve a better life or at least create a better life for their kids. Jerry ‘s composite, a mastermind failing Dickens gives him, allows Jerry to do his ain Resurrection at the terminal of a book giving a sweet satisfaction to the reader. The many utilizations Jerry is used for is amazing. Jerry acts as a ironist, being a typical hapless male ne'er accepting anyone ‘s aid, a comedian supplying amusing alleviation, and a counter weight to set to the heavy melodramatic plot line of love, decease, and Resurrection. By utilizing Jerry as interruption point, the reader is able to recover their emotions lost in the old chapter. One would believe that Jerry Cruncher, with his many utilizations, would resemble more of a chief character than a minor character. Merely the glare of a great author, like Dickens, can film over the boundaries of the chief and minor characters making stimulating and every bit competent minor characters able to transport their weight, and sometimes even more so, than major characters. The manner Dickens is able to satirise so many state of affairss with utilizing merely one character is singular and shows why Dickens is considered to some as the greatest novelist in the English linguistic commu nication. With Jerry Cruncher going a dynamic character in the terminal, his character transcends minor character and becomes an in between, a in-between character. His amusing alleviation breaks the reader from the weightiness of play and allows the reader to be entertained and laugh merely long plenty before Dickens goes right back into the action. The upper category, the Manettes, provide the calamity, while the lower category, the Crunchers, provide the comedy. Jerry Cruncher was non merely a amusing character, but helped Dickens alter the universe by being Dickens ‘s whipping boy to the hapless. Social sarcasm amusing alleviation dark comedy, Amusing alleviation, delving Gravess etc, Dark comedy- married woman whipping, flopping, Social satire- the lower category, the difference the contrast of the upper category, lower category are treated less but their attitudes do n't let them to be helped, his boy wants to copy him etc,